| Biophysics | Study of biological systems and characteristics, such as blood flow and radiation in medicine. | Living organisms and their physical processes | Experiments in physiology, medical imaging, and radiation |
| Astronomy | Study of celestial objects and the universe beyond Earth's atmosphere. | Celestial bodies and the universe as a whole | Telescopes, observations, and astrophysical data |
| Astrophysics | Study of physical nature of celestial bodies and application of physics to astronomical phenomena. | Physical properties and processes of celestial bodies | Theoretical models, observational data, and simulations |
| Cosmology | Study of the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe. | The entire universe from birth to future | Observational astronomy, theoretical models |
| Thermal Physics | Study of statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and kinetic theory of gases. | Heat, energy, and the behavior of gases | Mathematical modeling and experimental thermodynamics |
| Optics | Study of light, its interactions with matter, and optical instruments. | Light and its behavior | Optical instruments, experiments with light and lenses |
| Nuclear Physics | Study of atomic nuclei and their interactions. | Atomic nuclei and subatomic particles | Particle accelerators, nuclear reactors |
| Particle Physics | Study of fundamental particles and forces that create matter and radiation. | Fundamental particles and forces | High-energy particle collisions, detectors |
| Electromagnetism | Study of electromagnetic forces between charged particles. | Electric and magnetic fields | Electromagnetic theory, experiments with fields and charges |
| Acoustics | Study of sound production, transmission, and effects. | Sound waves and their interactions | Sound measurements, acoustic engineering |
| Computational Physics | Use of numerical methods and computer simulations to solve physical problems. | Complex physical systems and numerical analysis | Computer simulations, numerical analysis |
| Geophysics | Study of Earth's physical processes and structure. | Earth's interior and surface processes | Seismic data, gravitational studies, and magnetic surveys |
| Climate Physics | Study of Earth's climate and its physical aspects. | Climate systems and processes | Climate models, observational data |
| Classical Mechanics | Study of macroscopic objects and their motion under forces. | Motion of large objects | Mathematical models of motion and forces |
| Quantum Mechanics | Study of microscopic particles and their behavior under various conditions. | Behavior of particles at quantum scales | Quantum theory, experiments with particles |
| Relativistic Mechanics | Study of objects moving close to the speed of light and relativistic effects. | High-speed objects and relativistic effects | Theory of relativity, high-speed particle experiments |