| Memory Terminology | Bit | Smallest unit of memory, representing a binary digit (0 or 1) |
| Byte | Group of 8 bits, basic unit to store one character. Higher units: KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB |
| Memory Word | Smallest amount of data a computer can process as a unit |
| Word Size | Number of bits a CPU can process in a single operation (e.g., 32-bit, 64-bit) |
| Memory Built-up and Retention Power | Chip Memory | Fast memory in integrated circuits. Examples: RAM, ROM, Cache, Flash, Memory Cards, SSDs |
| Magnetic Memory | Uses magnetized media. Examples: Magnetic Tapes, Magnetic Disks (HDDs) |
| Optical Memory | Uses laser technology. Examples: CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs |
| Main Memory | RAM | Volatile memory for temporary storage of data and instructions in use |
| Cache Memory | Smaller, faster volatile memory close to CPU for frequently used data |
| ROM | Non-volatile memory for firmware and system software |
| Memory Types | Volatile Memory | Loses data when power is lost. Examples: RAM, Registers, Cache Memory |
| Non-Volatile Memory | Retains data when power is off. Examples: ROM, Flash Memory, Magnetic Storage, Optical Storage |