Noble Gases
Noble Gases (Group 18 / Group VIII-A)
General Characteristics
- Electron configuration: ns²np⁶ (except He: 1s²)
- Properties: Odorless, colorless, monoatomic gases
- Very low reactivity due to complete valence shell
- Stable and unlikely to form chemical bonds under normal conditions
Elements
- Helium (He)
- Neon (Ne)
- Argon (Ar)
- Krypton (Kr)
- Xenon (Xe)
- Radon (Rn)
- Oganesson (Og)
Applications
- Lighting (e.g., neon signs)
- Refrigeration systems
- Welding
- Filling gas exhaust lines
- Shielding gas in industrial processes
Electronic Configurations
- Helium (2): 1s²
- Neon (10): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶
- Argon (18): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶
- Krypton (36): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶
- Xenon (54): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶
- Radon (86): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶
- Oganesson (118): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁶
Key Points
- Noble gases are found in Group 18 of the periodic table
- Their stable electron configuration contributes to their low reactivity
- Applications utilize their inert nature and unique properties